Peace and Development Ethiopia
These Are the areas where all responsibities taken fully
AREAS OF OUR FOCUS
THEMATIC AREA ONE
— Peace building
Peacebuilding is a long-term process of encouraging people to talk, repairing relationships, and reforming institutions. For positive change to last, everyone affected by a destructive conflict has to be involved in the process of building peace.
Transforming relationships is key to putting an end to violence. That means understanding and dealing with why people are fighting in the first place, and finding ways of moving things forward. This is true whether the conflict is within communities, between societies, or between the state and ordinary people.
In practical terms, peacebuilding can look like any one of hundreds of different actions. It can be bringing different groups together to discuss the issues, or using film and media to help people understand the viewpoints of others. It might be providing support to formal processes of negotiation between governments and armed groups, or ensuring marginalized groups can have a say. Peace is built when we break down stereotypes and when different groups work together.
The number of violent conflicts has increased dramatically since 2010. The world urgently needs to respond differently. Violence affects everyone. Wars prevent communities from developing, stop children going to school and make it harder for people to access healthcare. Poverty then drives more conflict, and the cycle continues.
THEMATIC AREA TWO
— Youth Engagement
Youth engagement is the result when young people are involved in responsible, challenging actions to create positive social change.
- This means involving youth in planning and in making decisions that affect themselves and others.
- Youth engagement happens in youth-adult partnerships that are structured so that both groups contribute, teach, and learn from each other.
Youth engagement is a central principle of youth development. According to the ecological perspective of human development, young people are agents of their own development. Youth are more than passive recipients of external influences; instead they are actively involved in shaping their development by interacting with the people and opportunities made available within their environments. Through youth engagement, communities can do a better job of creating the services, opportunities, and supports that young people need to develop in healthy ways. Youth engagement offers community leaders the expertise and partnership of young people, helping adults fully understand what it is like to grow up in a rapidly changing world. From a political point of view, youth engagement is important because young people deserve the right to represent their own interests. Youth civic engagement is also critically important to prepare young people to be active citizens in a democracy.
What are the benefits of Youth Engagements?
Youth engagement is a win-win proposition.
- Young people benefit by gaining skills, knowledge, self-esteem, and connectedness.
- Adults benefit by enhancing their own competencies, learning to better understand and value youth, and increasing their commitment and energy to their organizations.
- Organizations benefit by improving their programs, gaining community recognition, and attracting funders.
- Communities benefit by improving quality of life, coordinating youth services, and authentically embracing diversity by representing young people.
THEMATIC AREA THREE
— Education
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People agree that all children have the right to an education. But investing in education is also the smart thing to do. Why? Because education gives people the skills they need to help themselves out of
poverty and into prosperity.
■ Improved Health: With education, people are better prepared to prevent disease and to use health services effectively. For example, young people who have completed primary education are less than half as likely to contract HIV as those with little or no schooling. Educated mothers have healthier children.
■ Higher wages and economic growth: In many poor countries, with each additional year of schooling, people earn 10% higher wages. These earnings, in turn, contribute to national economic growth. No country has ever achieved continuous and rapid growth without reaching an adult literacy rate of at least 40%.
■ Democracy and political stability: Education supports the growth of civil society, democracy, and political stability, allowing people to learn about their rights and acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to exercise them.
BUILDING HEALTHY FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES and THE POWER OF EDUCATING GIRLS
The education of girls, which is restricted in some countries, yields benefits that extend beyond themselves to their communities and to the society at large.
■ A woman with six or more years of education is more likely to seek prenatal care, assisted childbirth, and postnatal care, reducing the risk of maternal and child mortality and illness.
■ Educated mothers are 50% more likely to immunize their children than mothers with no schooling.
THEMATIC AREA FOUR
— Emergency Response
Emergency Response is a continuous process, divided into three key elements.
1. Risk Analysis and Monitoring
A clear and common understanding of the risks which may trigger a crisis significant enough to require a coordinated humanitarian response is fundamental to the entire ERP process. Analysis informs the planning while monitoring ensures that the process is responsive to emerging risks. The risk analysis process identifies the hazards that could trigger a crisis and ranks them by impact and likelihood. The risk
ranking determines whether thresholds are low, medium, or high. Development of a contingency plan (see Section 3 –Advanced Preparedness Actions and Contingency Planning) is recommended when risk thresholds are determined to be medium or above. In parallel, risk monitoring should be undertaken using
indicators identified as part of the risk analysis process. Monitoring provides early warning of emerging risks which in turn allows for early action, such as tailoring the contingency plan and where possible taking action that could mitigate the impact of the emerging risk.
2. Minimum Preparedness Actions (MPA)
Minimum Preparedness Actions are a set of activities that every country team must implement in order to establish a minimum level of emergency preparedness within the country. The MPAs are not risk or scenario-specific and usually do not require significant additional resources to accomplish. Minimum Preparedness Actions include risk monitoring, establishment of coordination and management
arrangements, preparing for joint needs assessments, response monitoring, information management, and establishing operational capacity and arrangements to deliver critical relief assistance and protection. Implementing MPAs will make a fundamental difference to eventual response and provide flexibility to respond to different types of emergencies.
3. Advanced Preparedness Actions and Contingency Planning
Advanced Preparedness Actions (APAs) and Contingency Planning (CP) are two sets of complementary activities that should be initiated together to plan for specific risks when risk analysis and monitoring indicate moderate or high risk. Advanced Preparedness Actions are designed to advance HCT readiness to respond to specific risks. Unlike the MPAs, the APAs are risk-specific.
THEMATIC AREA FIVE
— Poverty Reduction
Poverty reduction in Ethiopia continued despite adverse climatic conditions, with the share of the population below the national poverty line decreasing from 30% in 2010/11 to 24% in 2015/16, according to a new World Bank Group poverty assessment. Though the report, Ethiopia Poverty Assessment – Harnessing Continued Growth for Accelerated Poverty Reduction, was finalized before the current COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis, its results can inform the design of interventions to cushion the impact of the pandemic on low-income households.
Sustained rapid economic growth in Ethiopia translated into strong poverty reduction in urban areas, with the poverty rate tumbling by 11 percentage points, from 26% in 2010/11 to 15% in 2015/16, the date of the most recent survey on poverty and living standards. In rural areas of Ethiopia, the reduction in poverty was relatively slow with the poverty rate decreasing by four percentage points from 30% in 2010/11 to 26 percent in 2015/16. Non-monetary dimensions of welfare, such as education, health, and access to water and sanitation, improved alongside the reduction in poverty, but generally remain at a low level.
Agricultural growth, improvements in access to markets, and the flagship rural Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) were important drivers of rural poverty reduction over the period 2010/11-2015/16. The report finds that the contribution of the PSNP to poverty reduction could further be enhanced by better aligning needs with beneficiary numbers, improving geographical targeting, and harmonizing the different food security programs and interventions. Strong poverty reduction in urban areas was tightly linked to positive labor market developments over the period, in particular increasing returns to self-employment. More than half of the urban poverty reduction took place in small and medium towns. These towns are however lagging on infrastructure and significant investments will be needed to prepare these towns for their projected rapid growth.